5 Technology Trends for Effective Policing and Security

With the ever-evolving future, we can pinpoint specific technological advancements that are shaping the effectiveness of law enforcement. From artificial intelligence (AI) to big data analytics, these innovations are reshaping the strategies employed by law enforcement agencies and public sector organisations. These trends are becoming indispensable tools in combating modern threats, particularly in cyber security.

The intersection of cyber security and crime-fighting

Criminals are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and the role of cyber security in crime prevention and detection can't be overstated. Cybercriminals leverage advanced techniques to exploit vulnerabilities in digital systems, posing significant risks to public safety and national security. However, armed with technology, police officers and agencies can combat criminal activities to keep us and our data safe whilst keeping an eye on emerging threats. 

We take a look at some of the latest technological developments that will play a critical role in security and policing in the near future.

1. Computer vision

Powered by AI, computer vision is a computer's ability to understand and interpret images such as photos and videos. This process can analyse the content, generate relevant output, and enable classification, verification, and object detection tasks.

Recent advancements in computer vision have been driven by machine learning, particularly neural networks, along with improvements in computing power, data storage, and affordable input devices.

Computer vision has merged with other technologies such as augmented and virtual realities to enable these additional capabilities. Three key criteria to note are:

• Image acquisition: Digital cameras capture images and convert them into digital files containing zeros and ones.
• Image processing: Algorithms analyse the binary data to identify geometric elements and construct images.
• Analysis and interpretation: The data is further analysed using high-level algorithms to make decisions based on the images' content.

How this translates into the world of policing means it can extract meaning from "seeing".

Computer vision in policing

A typical application is automatic number plate recognition (ANPR), which helps cameras identify vehicles and their drivers. Additionally, computer vision is utilised in lie detector devices, such as EyeDetect, which analyse subtle eye and face movements during interrogations or job interviews.

Researchers are also exploring the potential for computer vision to predict and prevent crimes before they occur. By applying machine learning to video data from sources like CCTV cameras and drones, predictive algorithms could identify areas where crimes are likely to happen based on environmental factors like crowd density, traffic, weather, and objects detected in the surroundings.

2. Digital twins

Digital twins are computer models replicating real-world objects, systems, or processes. These models are enriched with data collected from IoT technology and sensors, allowing them to simulate their real-world counterparts accurately.

For example, in Guangdong, China, the local police department collaborated with city authorities to create a digital twin of the city. This digital model provides a real-time map showing incidents, public interactions, calls, and the use of police resources. Data from various government departments are integrated into the model, giving the police a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the city through a visual data analytics platform.

This technology enables the police to simulate and evaluate their response to various situations, ranging from city-wide emergencies to everyday issues like street robberies and community challenges.

3. Smart devices

Smart device data refers to the wealth of information generated by various devices, which has grown significantly in recent years. Internet of Things (IoT) devices like video doorbells and voice assistants play a crucial role in capturing incidents in their surroundings, making them valuable intelligence sources for law enforcement agencies. For instance, data from an Alexa smart speaker was utilised in a US court to aid in a double murder case, demonstrating the potential of such devices in criminal investigations.

Moreover, Fitbit fitness trackers have been instrumental in several cases, including one where they provided evidence in a homicide investigation. Many police forces, totalling over 400 across the US, have collaborated with Ring, a video doorbell manufacturer, to access data from their devices with the owners' permission. Additionally, smart city infrastructure is increasingly designed to support crime prevention and detection, such as adjusting traffic lights to help emergency responders reach crime scenes faster.

ShotSpotter is another example of technology designed to combat crime effectively. It comprises microphones installed on city infrastructure like streetlights to detect gunfire sounds. This system issues real-time alerts to law enforcement, enabling swift responses to potential threats. While ShotSpotter has been available for some time, its adoption is growing due to its effectiveness in enhancing public safety.

4. Robotics

Robots play a crucial role in law enforcement, particularly in hazardous situations where human intervention can be risky. While a fully functional "Robocop" may still be a futuristic concept, autonomous mobile units are increasingly valuable in specialised tasks.

One significant application is disposing of bombs, suspect packages, and other dangerous items. While such robots have existed since the 1970s, the latest generation can be controlled using VR-style headsets and operate with greater autonomy. Advanced models can navigate stairs and obstacles, reducing the need for human operators to place them near potential threats manually.

Law enforcement and security services also employ robots for surveillance purposes. For instance, in the US, Boston Dynamics' robodog utilises LiDAR and thermal cameras to detect intruders, even in low-light conditions. There are also plans to use robots in hostage negotiation scenarios.

By the year 2031, the global Security and Law Enforcement Robots Market is forecasted to be worth USD 4350.6 million, indicating the increasing significance of these technologies in enhancing public safety and security. As technology advances, we can anticipate the emergence of even more innovative applications for robots in law enforcement.

5. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) offer immense potential for enhancing police training and day-to-day operations. For instance, Axom has developed a system to train police officers in various skills, including de-escalation techniques for handling complicated and sensitive situations.

In the US, police officers in Oklahoma utilise Apex Officer, another system designed to train them in responding to calls involving mental health issues [link to: ]. Some training systems employ 360-degree video walls instead of headsets, providing a more immersive experience for trainees.

In operational settings, AR proves beneficial by allowing officers to stay informed about their surroundings while overlaying computer-generated graphics to enhance their understanding of a situation. In China, police officers utilise AR glasses from Xloong Technology, enabling real-time facial and licence plate recognition to identify suspects and individuals wanted for questioning.

However, privacy concerns may delay the adoption of such technology in Western police forces; it's an interesting look into potential future advancements in law enforcement technology.

Final thoughts

Technology's rapid evolution continues redefining the landscape of law enforcement and security operations. These innovations offer unprecedented opportunities to enhance public safety and combat emerging threats, from computer vision and digital twins to smart devices, robotics, and virtual/augmented reality.

As cyber security specialists in the UK's public sector, tmc3 recognises the critical importance of staying abreast of these technological advancements. By leveraging these tools and integrating them into their security frameworks, organisations can effectively mitigate risks, adapt to evolving threats, and safeguard the communities they serve.